The Top Business Schools in the World – Where to find the best Education Program?

Choosing the right business education program is critical, especially in today’s highly competitive environment. With increasing numbers of young business graduates treading the entrepreneurial path, it is important that they receive the best education from the best schools. Here is a list of some of the top business schools, which shape some of the world’s best talent year after year.

harvard building

Stanford Graduate School of Business (Stanford, California) – True to their motto “Change lives. Change organizations. Change the world”, the academic programs of the Stanford GSB whether the two-year MBA, the 12-month Stanford Sloan Master’s Program, the PhD program or their Executive programs, are world-class stepping stones to preparing for the future. The state-of-the-are Knight Management Center provides spaces for hands-on learning as well as team activities.

Harvard Business School (Boston, Massachusetts) – The two-year MBA program at HBS, with its emphasis on research and innovation is a great choice. The meticulously designed curriculum includes case-method learning and Field Immersion Experiences for Leadership Development (FIELD) where students learn to become leaders through teamwork, personal reflection and emphasis on global focus.

University of Pennsylvania – The Wharton School (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) – With over 225 faculty members, 18 specializations, and over 15 interdisciplinary courses, Wharton’s MBA program builds a foundation to help students address challenges that arise in business environments.

MIT Sloan School of Management (Cambridge, Massachusetts) – The first semester core with its rigorous foundational coursework, the Sloan Innovation Period (SIP) with its outside-the-classroom exploration and the Independent Activities Period (IAP) with its varied credited and non-credited sessions, forums, films and treks, make the Sloan program a truly rewarding experience for students. There are specialized tracks in Finance, Entrepreneurship & Innovation and Enterprise Management, which help students define their career paths.

North Western University – Kellogg School of Management (Evanston, Illinois) – Kellogg’s MBA program has faculty members who are among the best research scholars in their fields.  Along with the traditional coursework, experiential learning, which is an integral part of the program, allows corporates and non-profit organizations to enhance relationships with students.

MBA programs aim at creating leaders in today’s business environments. While choosing the program that is best for you, keep in mind factors such as the financial aid available, the school’s location, faculty in the field you wish to specialize and placement assistance.

The history and evolution of chromatography

Chromatography is a method of physicochemical analysis separating constituents of a mixture (solutes) by entrainment by means of a mobile phase (liquid or gas) along a stationary phase (liquid or solid fixed) through the selective partition solutes between the two phases. Each solute is therefore subject to a retention force (exerted by the stationary phase) and force mobility (due to the mobile phase).

glass with different colors

The first chromatography was performed in the beginning 20th century by Mikhail Tswett and was to separate the pigments (Greek: “chromatography”) of a spinach leaf. Tswett separation was observed vegetable dyes, of which the chlorophylls, filtered when their solution in petroleum ether, on a column of calcium carbonate. Under these conditions, in fact, green and yellow colored areas are formed. Tswett stated: “Just as the rays of the spectrum, the different components of a mixture of dyes are deployed on the column of calcium carbonate according to a law and can be analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively.”

This invention adsorption chromatography Tswett remained unknown until 1931, when Kuhn, Winterstein Lederer and exploited it again with success.

The main stages of the evolution of chromatography

1906 – The Russian botanist, Mr. Tswett published his. Book: “The chromophylles in the plant and animal world”, where the method of separation of pigments is described in detail.

1931 – Khun Lederer and separated at a preparative scale carotenes and xanthophylls. The long sleep of the method Tswett is broken and it is growing rapidly, thanks to the work of Brokmann, Karrer, Winterstein and Zechmeister.

1938 – Reichstein introduced “liquid chromatogram” enable colorless substance separations. This form of chromatography has been very widely used.

1940-1943 – Tiselieus develops its methods “frontal analysis” and “development through movement”.

1941 – Martin and Synge introduce partition chromatography on silica gel. Now, instead of a few grams of protein, a few milligrams are sufficient for the analysis of neutral amino acids.

1944 – Consden, Gordon and Martin invented partition chromatography on paper, very ingenious method, to analyze not just a few milligrams, but a few grams of amino acids, sugars, etc.

1940-1947 – Wilson, Devault, Weiss, Gluckauf Martin, Synge and others develop detailed theories of chromatography.

1947 – A group of American researchers, including Boyd, Marinsky, Spedding, Tompkins, etc.., Publish details of their work for the separation of rare earths and radioactive substances on ion exchangers. This research has important separations on an industrial scale and is the basis for the manufacture of certain isotopes currently on the market. Chromatography is thus assured an important place in Inorganic Chemistry.

Different types of chromatographic techniques

Factors involved in the sharing of molecules to be separated between fixed and mobile phases: solubility in a liquid solvent, the size (shape), the polarity of the electric charge, and the presence of atoms forming groupernents sites individuals. Different types of chromatography result from the fact that we have privileged the effect of one of these factors, but an exclusive mechanism is never complete during chromatographic separation.

liquid chromatography

The mobile phase is a liquid. Depending on the nature of the stationary phase can be distinguished:

    • Chromatographies sharing: This is a liquid-liquid chromatography. The stationary phase is a liquid attached to an inert carrier. This chromatography is so named because it is based on the sharing of the solute in the two liquid phases.

    • Exclusion chromatography: it is still called diffusion-exclusion chromatography, molecular sieving, gel filtration, gel permeation. The stationary phase is a porous solid: large particles are excluded from the stationary phase, however small embedded particles diffuse into the pores of the gel.

    • The adsorption chromatography: This is a liquid-solid chromatography. The stationary phase is a solid adsorbent polar. Adsorption chromatography is a reverse phase liquid-solid chromatography in which the stationary phase is nonpolar.

    • The ion exchange chromatography: The stationary phase is an ion exchanger consisting of a carrier resin groups ionized either negatively or positively, exerting electrostatic interactions with the medium ionic solutes.

  • Affinity chromatography: The stationary phase is a chemically inert macromolecular carrier, onto which is grafted an effector which has a biological affinity (bio-affinity) to a solute of the sample (enzyme-substrate affinity, ligand-receptor , antigen-antibody).

Gas chromatography

The mobile phase is a carrier gas. We distinguish in this case:

  • The gas-liquid chromatography: This is a partition chromatography. The stationary phase is a liquid fixed by imbibition of an inert carrier.

  • The gas-solid chromatography: This is an adsorption chromatography. The stationary phase is a solid adsorbent.

In brief

Different chromatographic principles result from the fact that we have privileged the effect of the following factors, in order to separate a mixture of compounds comprising:

    • Solubility in a solvent in liquid partition chromatography

    • The size, shape, size-exclusion chromatography in

    • Polarity in adsorption chromatography and reverse phase adsorption

    • The electric charge in the ion exchange chromatography

  • The presence of atoms forming groupernents of specific sites in the affinity chromatography